Plates: [1], [2], [3], [4] · Witnesses: Getty 35v · Pisani Dossi 27a · Paris 8v–9r · Illustrations shown: Pisani Dossi

The axe opens as the sword in armor did — with guards that speak, and with the ordinary guard-names borrowed unchanged: Short Guard the Serpentine, True Cross, Woman's Guard, Middle Iron Gate. The page is not a list but a pair of matchups: [3] names the Boar's Tooth as her opponent, and [4] answers her by name.

[1] Short Guard, the Serpentine
Pisani Dossi 27a-a
Pisani Dossi · 27a-a
Illustration: Pisani Dossi 27a-a · Text: Getty 35v-a · Pisani Dossi 27a-a · Paris 8v-c
Getty · translation

I am the Short Guard, the Serpentine (posta breve la serpentina), for I hold myself better than the others. To whomever I give my thrust, the mark will show well on him. This thrust is strong enough to pierce breastplates (coraze) and mail coats (panceroni); defend yourself, for I mean to make the trial.

Flow of actions
  1. Take the Short Guard, the Serpentine — the same name and the same claim as the armored sword's guard ([SwordArmor 2]), now with an axe in the hands.
  2. The claim is again a ranking: "I hold myself better than the others."
  3. What it offers is the thrust: "to whomever I give my thrust, the mark will show well on him."
  4. What the axe's version adds, and the sword's does not say: this thrust is strong enough to pierce breastplates (coraze) and mail coats (panceroni).
  5. And it is put as a test rather than a boast: "defend yourself, for I mean to make the trial" (far la prova).

One sentence separates this guard from [SwordArmor 2] — and that sentence is the axe's whole claim on the armored game: it names the armor its point goes through.

[2] Guard of the True Cross
Pisani Dossi 27a-b
Pisani Dossi · 27a-b
Illustration: Pisani Dossi 27a-b · Text: Getty 35v-b · Pisani Dossi 27a-b · Paris 8v-d
Getty · translation

I am the guard of the True Cross (posta di vera crose), because with a cross I defend myself. And the whole art of fencing (scarmir, marked [!] in the transcription) and of armored fighting defends itself with the covers of the crossing (incrosare). Strike away, for I await you well: for what the first scholar of the Remedy Master of the sword in armor does — with that method and with that pass — such a thrust I can give you with my axe (compare [Sword in Armor 9]).

Flow of actions
  1. Stand in the True Cross with the axe and wait: "strike away, for I await you well."
  2. The name is the explanation — "with a cross I defend myself": the guard's structure is its cover.
  3. Fiore then generalizes far past the axe: the whole art, fencing (scarmir) and armored fighting alike, "defends itself with the covers of the crossing" (incrosare).
  4. The play itself is not described. It is cited: what the first scholar of the sword-in-armor's Remedy Master does ([SwordArmor 9]) — "with that method and with that pass" — is what this guard does with the axe.
  5. Unpacked from the citation, that is: as he thrusts, go low with the body, pass out of the way traversing his weapon, point high to the face or the chest, grip low. With an axe instead of a sword.

The strongest single statement of the one-art claim in the armored sections: the axe does not appoint its own Remedy Master — it borrows the sword's, by reference (Tactical grouping §11).

[3] The Stance of the Queen
Pisani Dossi 27a-c
Pisani Dossi · 27a-c
Illustration: Pisani Dossi 27a-c · Text: Getty 35v-c · Pisani Dossi 27a-c · Paris 9r-a
Getty · translation

I am the Woman's Guard (posta de donna), against the Boar's Tooth (dente zengiaro). If he waits for me, I mean to give him a great blow: that is, I will pass the left foot, stepping out of the way, and I will enter with the descending blow (fendente) to the head. And if he comes with force under my axe with his own, then if I cannot strike his head, I do not fail to strike him either on the arms or on the hands.

Flow of actions
  1. Stand in the Woman's Guard, the axe drawn back — and the guard names its opponent at once: the Boar's Tooth ([Axe 4]).
  2. If he waits for you — which is what that low guard does — attack.
  3. Pass the left foot, stepping out of the way (acressando fora de strada): off the line even while initiating.
  4. Enter with the descending blow (fendente) to the head.
  5. If he comes up under your axe with his own, forcing the head-blow away:
  6. do not withdraw — strike the arms or the hands instead. The blow is not abandoned; its target is downgraded.

The same conditional habit as the armored sword's [SwordArmor 10]: name the best target, name what stops it, name the next target down.

[4] The Wild Boar's Tusk/Middle Iron Gate
Pisani Dossi 27a-d
Pisani Dossi · 27a-d
Illustration: Pisani Dossi 27a-d · Text: Getty 35v-d · Pisani Dossi 27a-d · Paris 9r-b
Getty · translation

If the Woman's Guard is contrary to me, the Middle Iron Gate (porta di ferro mezana), I know her play and mine, and many and many a time we have been at battle, both with sword and with axe. And I say that what she claims to be able to do, I can do more of it to her than she can do to me. I say further that if I had a sword and not an axe, I would put a thrust in her face: that is, in the strike that the Woman's Guard makes with the descending blow, while I am in the Middle Iron Gate with the two-handed sword, immediately upon her coming I step and pass out of the way; under her axe I enter by force, and at once with my left hand I grip my sword at the middle and put the point in her face. So that between us, apart from cunning (malicia), there is little comparison.

Flow of actions
  1. This guard answers [Axe 3], and it carries two names: the verse witnesses call it the Boar's Tooth, the Getty's text calls it the Middle Iron Gate and never says otherwise.
  2. Its opening claim is familiarity, not technique: "I know her play and mine, and many and many a time we have been at battle, both with sword and with axe."
  3. The wager: whatever she claims to be able to do, "I can do more of it to her than she can do to me".
  4. Then the plate leaves the axe entirely. "If I had a sword and not an axe, I would put a thrust in her face" — and what follows is a sword play:
  5. as the Woman's Guard comes with the descending blow, and you stand in the Middle Iron Gate with the two-handed sword,
  6. advance and pass out of the way at her coming;
  7. enter by force under her axe;
  8. grip your sword at the middle with the left hand — the half-sword;
  9. put the point in her face.
  10. Fiore's own verdict on the matchup: "between us, apart from cunning (malicia), there is little comparison."

The guard that is supposed to be holding an axe spends its plate explaining what it would do with a sword — and in doing so gives the only description of the half-sword in the whole axe section.

Glossological analysis

  • azza / aça ([1]–[4]) — the poleaxe: a hafted two-handed weapon with a head and a thrusting point (punta), not a hatchet. The Paris needs three Latin words for it — jaculum ("dart", [Axe 1]), tricuspis ("three-pointed", [Axe 2], [Axe 7]), and bipennis ("two-bladed axe", used of it at [SwordArmor 1] and [SwordArmor 25]). Grappling already named it among the four weapons its art underlies ([Grappling 4]).
  • posta breve la serpentina ([1]) — the Short Guard, the Serpentine: the armored sword's guard-name ([SwordArmor 2]), doing the same job — the thrust — with a different weapon. The axe renames nothing.
  • coraze / panceroni ([1]) — breastplates / mail coats: the two armors the axe's thrust claims to pierce. Pancerone returns at [SwordArmor 23] as one of the two things that fail against the pommel.
  • scarmir ([2], marked [!] in the transcription) — fencing, skirmishing; paired with armizare as the two halves of the art. The pairing is Fiore's usual way of saying "armored and unarmored alike".
  • incrosare ([2]) — the crossing; and here it is given the widest scope it has anywhere in the book: "the whole art… defends itself with the covers of the crossing".
  • fendente ([3]–[6]) — the descending blow, the cut that comes down ([S2H 8]); the axe's principal blow, and the one every guard on 35v–36r either throws or answers.
  • dente zengiaro / porta di ferro mezana ([3], [4]) — the Boar's Tooth and the Middle Iron Gate, used here for one and the same low guard: the rubric and the verse give the first name, the Getty's prose the second.
  • malicia ([4]) — cunning, guile — craft rather than wickedness; Fiore's word for what decides between two otherwise equal guards. Its plural returns at [Axe 16], where the powder is one of the book's malicie.

Manuscript comparison

  • The axe has no Morgan. The Morgan carries no axe material at all — the manuscript lacks the section entirely, as it lacks grappling, baton and dagger. For this whole section the witnesses are three: Getty prose, Pisani Dossi verse, Paris verse (Manuscript comparison §4C).
  • Two names for one guard at [4]. The Getty's text calls the guard the Middle Iron Gate and never says "Boar's Tooth"; both verse witnesses call it the Boar's Tooth and never say Iron Gate — "I am the Boar's Tooth, full of daring" (PD), "I am the Boar's Tooth, strong and bristling and bold" (Paris). The Getty itself makes the two interchangeable one plate earlier, at [Axe 3], where the Woman's Guard says she stands "against the Boar's Tooth" and the plate that answers her is the Middle Iron Gate. The families are not describing different guards; they are naming one guard differently.
  • [4] is prose the verse could not have carried. Nine-tenths of the Getty's plate is a digression into what the sword would do against the descending blow. The couplets keep only the boast — "blows of the axe can do nothing to me". The half-sword instruction (left hand to the middle of the blade, point to the face) therefore exists in this section only in the Getty.
  • The Paris classicizes from the first line. Its [1] ends "may Jupiter be with me" (meo Jupiter adsit); the Pisani Dossi's couplet has no god in it, only "if the point does not fail me, I will play you a trick". The Latin also calls the axe a jaculum (a dart) here and a tricuspis at [2]. The Latin verse is reaching for classical vocabulary and classical machinery that the Italian never has — compare the Fates at [Axe 12] and at [SwordArmor 15].
  • Illustrations and coverage. All four plates are the Pisani Dossi's (27a-a…d); the Getty's own 35v figures are not shown. All three surviving witnesses carry all four plates.
The Steel Marginalia · HEMA Study Group Notes in the margins. Truth in the bind.